生育成本对女性生育意愿的影响研究

黄院玲; 蔡弘

文章摘要

黄院玲,蔡弘.生育成本对女性生育意愿的影响研究[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2022,30(6):89-94

生育成本对女性生育意愿的影响研究

Study on the Impact of Fertility Costs on Women’s Fertility Intention

DOI：

中文关键词: 生育成本生育意愿成本共担

英文关键词: fertility costs fertility intention cost-sharing

基金项目:2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目（21BRK044）；合肥市哲学社会科学规划项目（HFSKYY202229）

作者	单位
黄院玲	安徽建筑大学公共管理学院，安徽合肥 230022；安徽省城市管理研究中心，安徽合肥 230022
蔡弘	安徽建筑大学公共管理学院，安徽合肥 230022；安徽省城市管理研究中心，安徽合肥 230022

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中文摘要:

基于莱宾斯坦的“成本—效益”理论，从直接经济成本、机会成本、心理成本、社会成本等4个维度构建了生育成本与女性生育意愿分析框架。利用全国生育状况抽样调查数据，通过多元线性回归研究发现：1）从直接经济成本来看，自付分娩费用、产期待遇降幅和月均托育支出等直接经济成本对女性生育意愿都存在显著的负向影响；2）从机会成本来看，产后计划就业时间对女性生育意愿的影响为正，而产假并不能直接提升女性生育意愿；3）从心理成本来看，期望托育支出与女性生育意愿呈显著负相关，公立托育机构未对女性生育意愿产生积极作用；4）从社会成本来看，城乡居民医疗保险对女性生育意愿存在显著正向影响，政府承担分娩费用对女性生育意愿的影响为负。研究认为，提高女性生育意愿需完善生育成本共担机制，科学构建母职保护机制，立足育儿家庭托育需求，降低育儿家庭成本，推动三孩政策顺利实施。

英文摘要:

Based on Leibenstein’s cost-benefit theory, a framework of fertility costs and women's fertility intention was constructed in four dimensions: direct economic costs, opportunity costs, psychological costs and social costs. With data from China fertility survey 2017,and the multiple linear regression, it is found that: 1) considering direct economic costs, out-of-pocket costs for childbirth, salary reduction during maternity leave and average cost of childcare monthly have a significant negative impact on women’s fertility intentions; 2) considering opportunity costs, the timing of return to work after childbirth has a positive impact, while maternity leave does not directly increase women’s fertility intentions; 3) considering psychological costs, the expected childcare expense is significantly negatively related to women’s fertility intentions, and public childcare institutions do not have a positive effect; 4) considering social costs, urban and rural residents’ medical insurance scheme has a significant positive effect on women’s fertility intentions, while the cost of childbirth by the government has a negative effect. The study concludes that better mechanisms for fertility cost sharing and maternity protection ae well as better consideration for childcare demand and cost reduction is conducive to women’s fertility intention and the implementation of the three-child policy.

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